The problem of lithium-thionyl chloride electrochemical cell state diagnostics is described. Their after-storage performance predictability is presented. Self-discharge value diagnostics is a key issue in electrochemical cells manufacturing and utilization. The article presents major modern methods of electrochemical cell residual capacity estimation. A new method of Li/SOCl2 system self-discharge diagnostics is proposed; it is based on the measurement of initial section voltage – current strength ratio.