Электролиты для химических источников тока

The experience of R&D Center AEK Ltd. of the design and production of nickel-cadmium batteries for medium and long discharge (M and L types) at reserve service is presented.

An important feature when using low-melting mixtures of halides of s-elements as a refiner of electrolytes for chemical power sources and thermal storage materials in thermal batteries is the amount of volume increase in the melting process which can be calculated by the formula [1]:
?V = ((Vк – Vж) / Vк)·100% = (?V/Vк)·100%,(1)

The production of pasted electrodes has been analysed. The equation which connects paste rheology, porous matrix and technologic parameters has been obtained. The approach optimises pasted electrode technology.

Thin film materials LiCoO₂, LiCoNi_xO₂, LiCoBi_xO₂, LiCoFe_xO₂ was prepared by extraction-pyralytic technique. Their properties were studied by DTA, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopy an cyclic time-voltage measurements. We established that receiving materials have well electrochemical characteristics. Extraction-pyralytic technique can be recommended as a perspective technique for thin film lithium batteries production.

It is shown that at small discharging currents for any nickel-cadmium (NC) accumulator the empirical relationship by Khaskina- Danilenko is true and at large discharging currents the relationship by Shepherd is correct. These two relationships don't contradict each other but supplement each other, as they are true for any NC accumulator, each in its interval of discharging currents.

It has been established experimentally that during the heat acceleration a great amount of hydrogen is given off from nickel-cadmium accumulators.

Effect of positive electrodes composition of lithium-sulfur cells on them cycling life was studied. It is shown that the sulfur content in electrodes does not essential influence on the charge-discharge performance, decrease of capacity during cycling life and cycling efficiency of sulfur electrodes, but strongly influences on the internal resistance of lithium- sulfur cells.

??????

Theoretical description of effect of gaseous phase 3D-nucleation in kinetics of cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction was made. Algorithm of separation of nucleation stream from general current of potentiostatic measurements was obtained. The system of critical coordinates for different nucleation models was created, their invariance to the nature of moving H or H₂ particle on the electrode surface was shown.

Opportunities of creation of an accessible and rather inexpensive measuring complex for registration and researches of noise characteristics of various electrochemical objects, in particular chemical power sources, are considered. The device of the developed complex, its feature and key parameters are described. Comparison of operational characteristics of the device and the import equipment used for noise researches is brought.