Электролиты для химических источников тока

The flash point tester PE-TVZ was modernized. The sample volume was reduced from 70 to 5 ml. Mixing of the condensed and gas-vapor phases was done simultaneously. The mercury thermometer was replaced by an electronic one. The correctness of the flash point measurement by the modernized device was tested on the samples with the flash point in the range of 25–170°C.

Solutions of AlCl₃, in solvent mixtures: thionyl chloride – sulfur dioxide, thionyl chloride – nitromethane, thionyl chloride – methyl acetate, thionyl chloride – propylene carbonate had investigated by means NMR ²⁷Аl spectroscopy under 293 K.

A physicochemical study was made on solutions of a number of lithium salts in diethyl carbonate (DEC) within -20+60°C by means of isothermal saturation, densimetry, and conductometry. The solid phase composition in saturated solutions for LiBF₄, LiPF₆, and LiCIO₄ in DEC were determined. The solubility of the crystal solvates LiBF₄·DEC and LiPF₆·2DEC increases with temperature while the temperature dependence of the LiCIO₄·2DEC goes through an extremum.

The various aspects of creation of lithium-fluorocarbon power sources are considered The electrochemical characteristics of electrodes are investigated, at which manufacturing u'ere used various fluoric materials: powder (coke, soot), porous, fabric (URAL-2T). it is established, that basic contribution brings in to polarization of an electrode diffusion component. The influence of a nature of polymeric, binding on, is investigated polarization of cathodes.

Ал electroconductivity of the solid lithium conducting electrolyte on the basis of the Li₂S-Sb₂S₃, system is researched at the points interval +10 – +50°C, that is 1.5-2.5·10^-4 S^-1·cm^-1 Temperature dependence of the electroconductivity allows to get the quantities of activation power 0.354-0.430 eV.

The operational characteristics features of chemical current sources in different systems are considered. The recommendations for their choice and practical use in batteries of small radioelectronic equipment are given.

The influence of various factors on separator ability to keep the initial uniform distribution of electrolyte has been investigated. The height and rate of capillary lift of the electrolyte in the glass-mat separator of a sealed lead-acid battery was investigated. Dependence of the height and rate of rise of sulfuric acid on its density and separator compression degree was established.

Primary aspects of the development of fuel cells using a water-methanol mixture as anode fuel are discussed. The possibility of using methanol in fuel cells without its preliminary reforming is shown.

A series of doped lithium-manganese spinels with a common formula LiMn_2-xСо_xO₄, 0 2-x-yCr_xСо_yO₄, 0 2O₄ by Co or Co&Cr ones in a Mn:Me 195:5 ratio is shown to reduce the degradation of the discharge capacity at cycling with no decrease of its magnitude.