Электролиты для химических источников тока

It is shown that at small discharging currents for any nickel-cadmium (NC) accumulator the empirical relationship by Khaskina- Danilenko is true and at large discharging currents the relationship by Shepherd is correct. These two relationships don't contradict each other but supplement each other, as they are true for any NC accumulator, each in its interval of discharging currents.

It has been established experimentally that during the heat acceleration a great amount of hydrogen is given off from nickel-cadmium accumulators.

Effect of positive electrodes composition of lithium-sulfur cells on them cycling life was studied. It is shown that the sulfur content in electrodes does not essential influence on the charge-discharge performance, decrease of capacity during cycling life and cycling efficiency of sulfur electrodes, but strongly influences on the internal resistance of lithium- sulfur cells.

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Theoretical description of effect of gaseous phase 3D-nucleation in kinetics of cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction was made. Algorithm of separation of nucleation stream from general current of potentiostatic measurements was obtained. The system of critical coordinates for different nucleation models was created, their invariance to the nature of moving H or H₂ particle on the electrode surface was shown.

Opportunities of creation of an accessible and rather inexpensive measuring complex for registration and researches of noise characteristics of various electrochemical objects, in particular chemical power sources, are considered. The device of the developed complex, its feature and key parameters are described. Comparison of operational characteristics of the device and the import equipment used for noise researches is brought.

The effects of tin additions in the range 0.5–3.0 wt.% on mechanical and electrochemical properties of Pb-Sb alloy are investigatead.

The effects of selenium additions in the range 0.02–0.05 wt.% on mechanical and electrochemical properties of Pb-Sb alloy are investigatead.

Low-temperature test was held to determine the discharge characteristics of battery cells with the purpose to specify the requirements to electrode materials and electrolyte used in cylindrical nickel metal hydride battery cells of AA standard size that fit for work at negative temperatures.

Two materials based on V₂O₅ and PANI were compared in their behaviour in positive electrodes of lithium (lithium-ion) rechargeable batteries. Composite material consisted from mixture of nanostructured individual components whereas PANI was intercalated into interlayer space of V₂O₅ in the hybrid material. Both materials are shown to be able to reversibly insert lithium ions, initial capacity being almost the same (220–250 mA·h/g). Cycling stability of hybrid material was notable better than that of composite one.