The thermodynamic simulation of equilibriums in the system O2 + СO2 gas mixture – molten alkali carbonates has been performed. Two schemes were proposed to calculate the chemical equilibriums: CO32- = О2- + CO2, O22- = O22- + 1/2O2, 2O2- = О2- + 3/2O2.
Cells with electrochemical system "lithium – fluorinatcd carbon" intended for electrical pacemakers are developed. Discharge capacity of the cells is shown to decrease when increasing discharge current. This dependence is linear and can be used for accelerated capacity monitoring. The dependence of the cells impedance on depth of discharge is investigated. Impedance is shown to increase in the final stage of discharge. This phenomenon can be used as sign of approach to the end of pacemaker life.
The characteristics of some polymers (mechanical properties, temperature range, heatconduction, permeability rates of water vapor and oxygen) were described and chosed the materials for containers of valve-regulated lead/acid batteries
The lithium intercalation to С8CrO3--electrode from Lil-electrolyte in polymeric matrics on a basic of diacetate cellulose (DAC) was investigated. It was registered that the intercalate LixC8CrO3 forms by dimeasured mechanism through lamella drawing. The appearance of electrode passivation was discovered as result of increase of cathodic polarization. It was surmised that reaction of lithium intercalation is controlling by volume properties of conductive medium.
The effect of carbon dioxide on the cycling efficiency of a lithium electrode in triflate electrolyte is studied. Reversible cycling of lithium in that electrolyte is shown to be possible provided the presence of a protecting film on lithium surface. Such a film forms precisely in the presence of carbon dioxide. It was found that the effect of СO2 on the properties and composition of the protective film has reversible nature.
Review of literature for 25 years on cathode materials for lithium batterias is presented. Activation methods of electrodes are considered; interconnection and interdependence of kinetic, thermodynamic charecteristics and structural transformations in processes of lithium intercalation-deintercalation into electrodes are analysed.
Conductivity of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) produced from weakly agglomerated nanopowder investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy. Dense ceramic samples with grain size from 90 to 800 nm were made by variation of both pressing and sintering conditions. It is found that the bulk conductivity is independent of grain size, but grain boundary conductivity is depended. Observed grain boundary resistance increases with grain size. It is in contradiction with previous results observed for range 1–18 μm where grain boundary resistance decreases with grain size.
Our experience of the design and application of power sources based on various electrochemical systems for surface and rocket-borne power systems of modern and promising rocket-space vehicles, submarine vehicles, electronic hardware, and other objects with high specific requirements to power sources is presented.
In the paper are presented results of studies and design of air-aluminum chemical power sources carried out jointly by Moscow Aircraft Institute and AltEn Corp.; several fields of effective application of these power sources are listed, a technological scheme of reaction product utilization and waste electrolyte regeneration is shown.
