топливный элемент

Composition and structure of proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalytic layers were investigated. The maximum FC efficiency was observed at the polymer content in a layer 25-30 vol. % at work on air and 30-35 vol. % at work on oxygen. At a variation of quantity of catalytic composition the maximum current density have been received at layer load 1.75 mg/sm2, thus decrease in it value in 2 times leads to falling of current density only on 10 %. 

The paper presents the performance of domestic PHOTON hydrogen-oxygen alkaline fuel cells. The issues of FC operation life is discussed, and reasons for reversible and irreversible voltage degradation are identified. The input of FC components into irreversible part of performance degradation is estimated. 

Concentrated water-alkaline mixtures of sodium and potassium borohydrides and borates are used as fuel and a hydrogen source in hydrogen power engineering, including low-temperature fuel cells. The performance of such mixtures is determined by their physicochemical properties.

Composition and structure of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell catalytic layers were investigated. Modelling of catalytic layer vas considered. This model allows to calculate layers containing particles of polymer and the catalyst of various forms and sizes. Dependence of conductivity and active layer surface area on concentration of polymer particles is shown. Best performance of a fuel cell is observed at the polymer concentration in a layer of 30–35% vol.

Primary aspects of the development of fuel cells using a water-methanol mixture as anode fuel are discussed. The possibility of using methanol in fuel cells without its preliminary reforming is shown.

The article contains the review of scientific-technical publications concerning a use of borohydrides in fuel cells and chemical generator over a period of 2000–2009. Their scientific basis principles of operation, prospects of utilization, and possible technologies are examined.

The paper deals with some questions concerning carbonization and decarbonization of alkaline electrolyte in matrix fuel cell (FC). It is shown that there is an equilibrium ultimate level of carbonization that depends on CO₂ content in gases delivered into FC and FC electric loading. Electrolyte decarbonization takes place at the increase of FC load current with CO₂ emission at hydrogen electrode end. The possible mechanisms of electrolyte carbonization and decarbonization are suggested.

In the current paper electrospun nanofiber mats were derived from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The temperature influence on the volumetric and surface composition of the resulting pyropolymers was studied by means of elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Electrochemical activity of anodes on the basis of a nickel mesh grid for water electrolysis is investigated. Activation of anodes was made by three ways:
1) chemical covering sulfur-containing compounds of nickel and iron;
2) immersing in solution Na₂S₂O₃ + H₂SO₄ (till pH=3);
3) immersing in solution Na₂S + H₂SO₄ (till pH=3).

The reasons, that lead to the performance loss of alkaline matrix electrochemical generator (ECG) based on hydrox cell and therefore reduce the fuel cell stack cycle life, are highlighted in this article. It is shown that storage of ECG, preserved with a special gas mixture within up to 20 years, doesn't lead to noticeable characteristic fluctuation.