Кислотные аккумуляторы

The division of the four-component reciprocal system Na⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺ || F⁻, NO₃⁻ into stable elements was carried out for the first time. The phase tree, confirmed by the experimental data from the differential thermal analysis, was constructed. The chemical interaction in a yet unexplored faceting element, i. e. in the three-component reciprocal system Na⁺, Cs⁺ || F⁻, NO₃⁻, and in the four-component reciprocal system was studied.

Experimental studies of the electrochemical and electrophysical properties of protonated potassium polytitanate and sodium-modified pryderite were carried out using the method of nonlinear impedance spectroscopy. The frequency dependencies of the resistance of the volume of grains and grain boundaries were determined depending on the magnitude of the polarization voltage (DC) and on the value of the perturbation signal (AC).

The article presents a universal combined model of the electrochemical battery, built on the basis of the modified Shepherd equation and the kinetic model. The proposed model provides the adequate mapping of the basic characteristics of the battery in operating mode, taking into account the physical constraints of the capacity available. The results of verification of the developed mathematical model using lead-acid and lithium-iron-phosphate batteries are presented.

A brief analysis of the current situation in the development of lithium-ion batteries in Russia and all over the world has been carried out. The conclusion is made that Russia produces only a basis point of lithium-ion batteries in the world. It is predicted that Russian production of lithium-ion batteries may increase up to 0.2% in the world by 2030.

The electrochemical characteristics of the negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery with additives of carbon nanotubes and graphene were studied. It was shown that the highest values of the capacitive characteristics of the electrodes were obtained by adding carbon nanotubes to the negative active mass. The processes occurring on the negative electrode were studied by the method of impedance spectroscopy. Applying simulation, an equivalent electrical circuit was obtained, which adequately approximated the obtained frequency dependences.

The influence of the ultrasonic field on lead dioxide electrodeposition from nitrate electrolyte was studied. The adsorption of electroactive particles and the amount of nucleation on the electrode surface were found to have increased as well as the formation of OH-radicals accelerated under the influence of the ultrasonic field.

A modem state and development perspectives of the primary and secondary batteries, some problems and main fields of their application are considered. It is shown that the batteries are dynamic types of engineering, which are developing very quickly and receiving a wide application.

The electrochemical behaviour of positive electrodes based on lithium cobaltite (LiCo₂) is studied. The lithium cobaltite was synthesized from cobalt oxide and lithium hydroxide. The effects of electrolyte nature, current density as well as aging on discharge capacity are investigated. The best performance of the lithium cobaltite was shown to be in 1 M LiCo₄ in a mixture of propylene carbonate with dimethoxyethane (7:3). In this case the initial discharge capacity was amounted to 148 mA·h/g whereas the capacity fading was insufficient.

The electrochemical intercalation of lithium from propylene carbonate solutions into thin film carbon electrodes prepared by the chemical vapor deposition onto support was studied. The overall electrode polarization was divided into the kinetic and dift'usional components by means of pulse galvanostatic method. First component connected with charge transfer through the e!ectrode|solution interface, second one conditioned by the diffusion of the intercalated species.