Топливные элементы

On the basis of cells Escherichia coli the microbial mediator anode is developed for process of oxidation of glucose and conditions of its work in a model of a microbial fuel cell in which as the cathode it is used dioxideleaden electrode are optimized.

High temperature method was used to synthesize PtCo/C catalysts on the basis of various precursors. It was shown using the RDE method that a catalytic system with low Pt content (5.0 wt.% Pt + 1.5 wt.% Со) synthesized on the basis of H₂PtCl₆ and Co phthalocyanine on carbon black ХС72 demonstrates the highest electrocatalytic activity due to the formation of highly dispersed Pt₃Co alloy particles. This was confirmed by XPS studies.

The change in phase composition, dispersibility and morphology of ?-, ?- and ?-lithium aluminates, which are the components of molten carbonate fuel cell were investigated after long exposure in Li/KCO₃ (62/38 vol.%) eutectic melt under H₂, H₂ + CO₂ (20-mol.%) and 0.33 O₂ + 0.67 CO₂ atmospheres at 650°C. ?- , ?- , ?- aluminates and their mixtures were found to transform into ?-phase under oxidative atmosphere. Under reducing atmosphere both ?- and ?-phases always coexist.

By the methods of isothermal solubility, 19F NMR spectroscopy and also by implementation of ab initio quantum – chemical calculations the kinetics is explored and thermodynamics of reactions of double exchange in the systems K(Na)RF6 – LiBF4 – propylene carbonate – dimethyl carbonate. A method is offered of receipt of electrolytes on the basis of LiРF6 and mixtures of carbonate ethers. An electrolyte successfully is tested in elements with the hard cathodes.

Thermostable proton exchange membranes for fuel cells are overviewed. Three groups of the membrane are described: modified membranes based on perfluorosulfonic acid, alternative sulfated polymers and corresponding composite membranes, acid-alkali polymer membranes.

Electrochemical activity of electrodes for electrolysis of water is investigated. As catalysts coating Ni-S-Co, suspension LaNi_2.5Co_2.4Al_0.1 or their combinations were applied. As electrolyte at test of electrodes 30% KOH or NaOH is used. Current density varied in a range from 10 to 600 мА/cm² at temperature 20-80°C. When the temperature increases from 20 to 80°C the current density on cathodes with composite LaNi2.5Co2.4Alo.i/Ni-S-Co catalyst increases 4 times at constant potential E = –1.10 V (rel. Hg/HgO).

The phase composition, thermal coefficient of linear expansion and electrical conductivity of r_1.85Sr_0.15Ni_1-xCu_xO₄ (0.0; 0.1; 0.5; 0.9 и 1), Pr₂NiO₄ and Pr₂CuO₄ are investigated at air in the temperature range 100-1000°C.

The effect of new kind of the separator, with the glassmat on the positive plate, which pressing the active mass, and new alloys for positive grid on efficiency of service characteristics (starting capacity, the electrolyte level changing under the charging and discharging) was investigated.

It is shown, that activation-ohmic items in empirical equations by Shepherd, Khaskina-Danilenko, Shepherd-Dasoyan, Romanov is abnormally describe of activation-ohmic processes at the discharge of accumulators a direct current. New expression U = RI + A ln(BI + 1) matching is offered to experimental data.

It has been shown that while in service of nickel-cadmium accumulators in their electrodes is collects a great amount of hydrogen.