Топливные элементы

When a chemical power source is in current generation mode its voltage decreases because of polarization, in particular because of concentration polarization, caused by electrodes electrolyte concentration change. It is possible to decrease the concentration polarization in oxyhydrogen flic! cells by means of water diffusion flow running through the electrolyte; in this case two types of electrochemical cells – the fuel cell itself and the concentration cell – operate jointly.

There are the equations for the calculation of the efficiency of the hybrid power plant consisting of the electrochemical power plant on base of the high temperature fuel cells with the solid oxide electrolyte fn the gas turbine. These equations were used for the analysis of influence of the current density, internal resistance and other parameters on the hybrid power plant efficiency. The graphic method was used for the determination of the utilization fuel influence on the the hybrid power plant efficiency.

A technology for hydrometallurgical processing of lamellar nickel-oxide electrodes is proposed to increase the nickel usage efficiency at production of alkaline batteries with simultaneous reduction of environmental pollutions.

The possibility to design hermetically-sealed nickel-cadmium high-capacity batteries with a pressure inside not higher than 0.2 atmex for carriages is shown.

Possible cases of iron pollution of the active masses of lamellar-type nickel-oxide electrodes in nickel-iron and nickel-cadmium-iron batteries are analyzed on the basis of our own studies as well as literature data.

On the basis of cells Escherichia coli the microbial mediator anode is developed for process of oxidation of glucose and conditions of its work in a model of a microbial fuel cell in which as the cathode it is used dioxideleaden electrode are optimized.

High temperature method was used to synthesize PtCo/C catalysts on the basis of various precursors. It was shown using the RDE method that a catalytic system with low Pt content (5.0 wt.% Pt + 1.5 wt.% Со) synthesized on the basis of H₂PtCl₆ and Co phthalocyanine on carbon black ХС72 demonstrates the highest electrocatalytic activity due to the formation of highly dispersed Pt₃Co alloy particles. This was confirmed by XPS studies.

The change in phase composition, dispersibility and morphology of ?-, ?- and ?-lithium aluminates, which are the components of molten carbonate fuel cell were investigated after long exposure in Li/KCO₃ (62/38 vol.%) eutectic melt under H₂, H₂ + CO₂ (20-mol.%) and 0.33 O₂ + 0.67 CO₂ atmospheres at 650°C. ?- , ?- , ?- aluminates and their mixtures were found to transform into ?-phase under oxidative atmosphere. Under reducing atmosphere both ?- and ?-phases always coexist.

By the methods of isothermal solubility, 19F NMR spectroscopy and also by implementation of ab initio quantum – chemical calculations the kinetics is explored and thermodynamics of reactions of double exchange in the systems K(Na)RF6 – LiBF4 – propylene carbonate – dimethyl carbonate. A method is offered of receipt of electrolytes on the basis of LiРF6 and mixtures of carbonate ethers. An electrolyte successfully is tested in elements with the hard cathodes.

Thermostable proton exchange membranes for fuel cells are overviewed. Three groups of the membrane are described: modified membranes based on perfluorosulfonic acid, alternative sulfated polymers and corresponding composite membranes, acid-alkali polymer membranes.