-

A structural model of the alkaline accumulator that takes into account self-discharging is suggested from which all the well-known empirical dependences were obtained. It was shown that the existing empirical dependences describing the process of self-discharging in alkaline accumulators don't contradict one another but supplement each other as they are true, each in its interval of discharging time.

Problems of using fuel cells as both electric and heat energy sources are reviewed. Such "hybrid" fuel cells possess enhanced net efficiency up to 90%. Some examples of fuel cells sets use in dwelling from small cottages up to multi-storey hotels are presented.

-

Having analyzed the energy balance of the thermal runaway it was shown that the thermal runaway is not due to an external source of current but due to powerful internal self-accelerating exothermal reaction. And this reaction takes place in quite accidental spots of the electrode starting from a point and spreading radially like in the process of burning.

Our experience of the design and application of power sources based on various electrochemical systems for surface and rocket-borne power systems of modern and promising rocket-space vehicles, submarine vehicles, electronic hardware, and other objects with high specific requirements to power sources is presented.

In the paper are presented results of studies and design of air-aluminum chemical power sources carried out jointly by Moscow Aircraft Institute and AltEn Corp.; several fields of effective application of these power sources are listed, a technological scheme of reaction product utilization and waste electrolyte regeneration is shown.

It was established one-, two and three-factor regression dependencies among discharge capacity С, short-circuit current I (SC), open circuit voltage U (OCV), internal resistance (R_i) and mass (m) for polynomials of a degree n(n = 1–4) in all sampling. The discharge capacity of ``fresh'' cell's forecasts a little bit better than after their long storage and magnitude of standard deviations for ``fresh'' CR2325 (2.5%) differ from ``old'' cells approximately twice (5.5%).

It is shown that the correlations of Romanov and Shepherd–Dasoyan are equivalent under description of discharge curves of alkaline accumulators in the interval of discharge voltages from the beginning to 1 V and any ones used for the particular accumulators of discharge currents. However under low discharge voltages the correlation of Shepherd–Dasoyan describes the direction of discharge curve correctly while the correlation of Romanov gives false results.

In present work the lithium diffusion was investigated to LiAl- and MnO₂-electrodes, modified by La. With this purpose Al and MnO₂ was worked up by cathodiе incorporation method in aprotic organic solutions of sulfanilate lanthanum. The next cyclization of electrodes to lithium perchlorate solution was making in potentiodynamic conditions.

With mathematical methods of description of macrokinetic processes in the volume of porous electrodes the investigation of influence of kinetic and structural characteristics of electrode-comprising materials to the process of current generation was performed. The nonuniformity of current generation distribution as well as the level of polarization loss are significantly determined by correlation of electric conduction values of solid phase components and electrolyte.