литий-ионный аккумулятор

This paper describes the state-of-the-art and areas of application for lithium-ion batteries. Their competitiveness in comparison with conventional alkaline and acid based batteries is shown. System approaches and circuit configurations used for designing high-capacity energy storage batteries with microprocessor battery managemrnt systems (BMS) are considered, including the main functions of BMS. Based on the given examples, the modular design approach of batteries with 2–3 levels of control has been proved.

The review summarizes literature data on the thermal decomposition of ferrous oxalate with the formation of Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe3C, and other products. Historical evolution of views on the ways and mechanisms of oxalate thermolysis is traced. The current state of the art is analyzed from the perspective of FeC2O4·2H2O compound for the synthesis of lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4, which is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.

The methods for the synthesis of lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4 with olivine structure have been developed. New materials based on lithium iron phosphate, including doped with metals, the «LiFePO4 + carbon» composites obtained by pyrolysis of organic compounds have been synthesized. Crystallographic characterization of the synthesized materials was carried out; their electrochemical characteristics of the extraction and intercalation of lithium have been identified.

Silicon nano- and microwires have been obtained by KCl-KF-K2SiF6-SiO2 melt electrolysis in air; this material is suitable as anode component for lithium ion batteries. Optimal conditions of electrolysis were determined. Morphology, phase and chemical composition of silicon deposits were established. Electrochemical behavior of silicon nanowires as anode component was evaluated using solid polymer electrolyte cells.

A series of solid phases (mixed lithium-iron-manganese phosphates) of the common formula LiMnyFe1−yPO4 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) with a carbon coating on the particle surface was synthesized by mechanochemical activation with carbothermal reduction. The synthesized mixed phosphates were examined as promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The positive effect of replacement of a rather small fraction of iron by manganese is shown, which improves the electrochemical performance at the rates C/10–10C.

Structure of thin-film electrodes manufactured by layer-by-layer magnetron sputtering of Si and Al in the environment with small oxygen additives has been studied. Charge-discharge behavior of these electrodes was studied as well. It is shown that such electrodes are able to stable cycling with marginal irreversible capacity. 

It is shown that the nonlinear structural model of the battery can be used for modeling the voltage relaxation processes after a charge of batteries. The solution obtained is valid for alkaline, acid and lithium-ion batteries. Comparison of solutions, with the experimental data for nickel-cadmium batteries, showed, that the relative error does not exceed 3%.

The possibility of using organic esters of phosphoric acid as a solvents for the electrolyte for lithium-ion systems and supercapacitors was investigated. Supercapacitors based on activated carbon Norit Supra and on the electrolyte being studied showed fine electrochemical performance which is comparable with standard electrolytes based on propylene carbonate. Lithium-ion batteries (Li4Ti5O12-LiNiO2 system) also showed a good performance.

At this paper algorithms of accessible and full capacity estimation are presented. The model discrete parameter interpolation, based on spline function is shown. Presented algorithms are analyzed for use in real-time applications. 

The question of replacing the widely used electrolyte based on lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) has been increasingly raised recently, due to the latter being environmentally unfriendly and toxic. The review of studies published since 2002 presents various methods for obtaining LiBOB salt in detail, which is promising for use in electrolyte composition. The effect of adding LiBOB to the basic electrolyte salt (LiPF6) was analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using LiBOB salt as a basic component for various electrolytes were considered.